Wunder OI botWunder OI bot
1. Wunder OI bot is based on the search for divergences on the Open Interest indicator. The strategy determines the divergence between the price and the Open Interest for a given period.
2. 50 EMA is used as an additional filter. If a divergence is found for a specified number of bars ago and the price is above or below, a trade will be opened.
3. A function for calculating risk on the portfolio (your deposit) has been added to the Wunder OI bot script. When this option is enabled, you get a calculation of the entry amount in dollars relative to your Stop Loss. In the settings, you can select the risk percentage on your portfolio. The loss will be calculated from the amount that will be displayed on the chart.
For example, if your deposit is $1000 and you set the risk to 1%, with a Stop Loss of 5%, the entry volume will be $200. The loss at SL will be $10. 10$, which is your 1% risk or 1% of the deposit.
*Important!** The risk per trade must be less than the Stop Loss value. If the risk is greater than SL, then you should use leverage.
The amount of funds entering the trade is calculated in dollars. This option was created if you want to send the dollar amount from Tradingview to the exchange. However, putting your volume in dollars you get the incorrect net profit and drawdown indication in the backtest results, as TradingView calculates the backtest volume in contracts.
To display the correct net profit and drawdown values in Tradingview Backtest results, use the ”Volume in contract” option.
Wyszukaj w skryptach "volume"
Advanced VWAP_Pullback Strategy_Trend-Template QualifierGeneral Description and Unique Features of this Script
Introducing the Advanced VWAP Momentum-Pullback Strategy (long-only) that offers several unique features:
1. Our script/strategy utilizes Mark Minervini's Trend-Template as a qualifier for identifying stocks and other financial securities in confirmed uptrends. Mark Minervini, a 2x US Investment Champion, developed the Trend-Template, which covers eight different and independent characteristics that can be adjusted and optimized in this trend-following strategy to ensure the best results. The strategy will only trigger buy-signals in case the optimized qualifiers are being met.
2. Our strategy is based on the supply/demand balance in the market, making it timeless and effective across all timeframes. Whether you are day trading using 1- or 5-min charts or swing-trading using daily charts, this strategy can be applied and works very well.
3. We have also integrated technical indicators such as the RSI and the MA / VWAP crossover into this strategy to identify low-risk pullback entries in the context of confirmed uptrends. By doing so, the risk profile of this strategy and drawdowns are being reduced to an absolute minimum.
Minervini’s Trend-Template and the ‘Stage-Analysis’ of the Markets
This strategy is a so-called 'long-only' strategy. This means that we only take long positions, short positions are not considered.
The best market environment for such strategies are periods of stable upward trends in the so-called stage 2 - uptrend.
In stable upward trends, we increase our market exposure and risk.
In sideways markets and downward trends or bear markets, we reduce our exposure very quickly or go 100% to cash and wait for the markets to recover and improve. This allows us to avoid major losses and drawdowns.
This simple rule gives us a significant advantage over most undisciplined traders and amateurs!
'The Trend is your Friend'. This is a very old but true quote.
What's behind it???
• 98% of stocks made their biggest gains in a Phase 2 upward trend.
• If a stock is in a stable uptrend, this is evidence that larger institutions are buying the stock sustainably.
• By focusing on stocks that are in a stable uptrend, the chances of profit are significantly increased.
• In a stable uptrend, investors know exactly what to expect from further price developments. This makes it possible to locate low-risk entry points.
The goal is not to buy at the lowest price – the goal is to buy at the right price!
Each stock goes through the same maturity cycle – it starts at stage 1 and ends at stage 4
Stage 1 – Neglect Phase – Consolidation
Stage 2 – Progressive Phase – Accumulation
Stage 3 – Topping Phase – Distribution
Stage 4 – Downtrend – Capitulation
This strategy focuses on identifying stocks in confirmed stage 2 uptrends. This in itself gives us an advantage over long-term investors and less professional traders.
By focusing on stocks in a stage 2 uptrend, we avoid losses in downtrends (stage 4) or less profitable consolidation phases (stages 1 and 3). We are fully invested and put our money to work for us, and we are fully invested when stocks are in their stage 2 uptrends.
But how can we use technical chart analysis to find stocks that are in a stable stage 2 uptrend?
Mark Minervini has developed the so-called 'trend template' for this purpose. This is an essential part of our JS-TechTrading pullback strategy. For our watchlists, only those individual values that meet the tough requirements of Minervini's trend template are eligible.
The Trend Template
• 200d MA increasing over a period of at least 1 month, better 4-5 months or longer
• 150d MA above 200d MA
• 50d MA above 150d MA and 200d MA
• Course above 50d MA, 150d MA and 200d MA
• Ideally, the 50d MA is increasing over at least 1 month
• Price at least 25% above the 52w low
• Price within 25% of 52w high
• High relative strength according to IBD.
NOTE: In this basic version of the script, the Trend-Template has to be used as a separate indicator on TradingView (Public Trend-Template indicators are available in TradingView – community scripts). It is recommended to only execute buy signals in case the stock or financial security is in a stage 2 uptrend, which means that the criteria of the trend-template are fulfilled.
This strategy can be applied to all timeframes from 5 min to daily.
The VWAP Momentum-Pullback Strategy
For the JS-TechTrading VWAP Momentum-Pullback Strategy, only stocks and other financial instruments that meet the selected criteria of Mark Minervini's trend template are recommended for algorithmic trading with this startegy.
A further prerequisite for generating a buy signals is that the individual value is in a short-term oversold state (RSI).
When the selling pressure is over and the continuation of the uptrend can be confirmed by the MA / VWAP crossover after reaching a price low, a buy signal is issued by this strategy.
Stop-loss limits and profit targets can be set variably. You also have the option to make use of the trailing stop exit strategy.
Relative Strength Index (RSI)
The Relative Strength Index (RSI) is a technical indicator developed by Welles Wilder in 1978. The RSI is used to perform a market value analysis and identify the strength of a trend as well as overbought and oversold conditions. The indicator is calculated on a scale from 0 to 100 and shows how much an asset has risen or fallen relative to its own price in recent periods.
The RSI is calculated as the ratio of average profits to average losses over a certain period of time. A high value of the RSI indicates an overbought situation, while a low value indicates an oversold situation. Typically, a value > 70 is considered an overbought threshold and a value < 30 is considered an oversold threshold. A value above 70 signals that a single value may be overvalued and a decrease in price is likely , while a value below 30 signals that a single value may be undervalued and an increase in price is likely.
For example, let's say you're watching a stock XYZ. After a prolonged falling movement, the RSI value of this stock has fallen to 26. This means that the stock is oversold and that it is time for a potential recovery. Therefore, a trader might decide to buy this stock in the hope that it will rise again soon.
The MA / VWAP Crossover Trading Strategy
This strategy combines two popular technical indicators: the Moving Average (MA) and the Volume Weighted Average Price (VWAP). The MA VWAP crossover strategy is used to identify potential trend reversals and entry/exit points in the market.
The VWAP is calculated by taking the average price of an asset for a given period, weighted by the volume traded at each price level. The MA, on the other hand, is calculated by taking the average price of an asset over a specified number of periods. When the MA crosses above the VWAP, it suggests that buying pressure is increasing, and it may be a good time to enter a long position. When the MA crosses below the VWAP, it suggests that selling pressure is increasing, and it may be a good time to exit a long position or enter a short position.
Traders typically use the MA VWAP crossover strategy in conjunction with other technical indicators and fundamental analysis to make more informed trading decisions. As with any trading strategy, it is important to carefully consider the risks and potential rewards before making any trades.
This strategy is applicable to all timeframes and the relevant parameters for the underlying indicators (RSI and MA/VWAP) can be adjusted and optimized as needed.
Backtesting
Backtesting gives outstanding results on all timeframes and drawdowns can be reduced to a minimum level. In this example, the hourly chart for MCFT has been used.
Settings for backtesting are:
- Period from Jan 2020 until March 2023
- Starting capital 100k USD
- Position size = 25% of equity
- 0.01% commission = USD 2.50.- per Trade
- Slippage = 2 ticks
Other comments
- This strategy has been designed to identify the most promising, highest probability entries and trades for each stock or other financial security.
- The combination of the Trend-Template and the RSI qualifiers results in a highly selective strategy which only considers the most promising swing-trading entries. As a result, you will normally only find a low number of trades for each stock or other financial security per year in case you apply this strategy for the daily charts. Shorter timeframes will result in a higher number of trades / year.
- Consequently, traders need to apply this strategy for a full watchlist rather than just one financial security.
JS-TechTrading: VWAP Momentum_Pullback StrategyGeneral Description and Unique Features of this Script
Introducing the VWAP Momentum-Pullback Strategy (long-only) that offers several unique features:
1. Our script/strategy utilizes Mark Minervini's Trend-Template as a qualifier for identifying stocks and other financial securities in confirmed uptrends.
NOTE: In this basic version of the script, the Trend-Template has to be used as a separate indicator on TradingView (Public Trend-Template indicators are available on TradingView – community scripts). It is recommended to only execute buy signals in case the stock or financial security is in a stage 2 uptrend, which means that the criteria of the trend-template are fulfilled.
2. Our strategy is based on the supply/demand balance in the market, making it timeless and effective across all timeframes. Whether you are day trading using 1- or 5-min charts or swing-trading using daily charts, this strategy can be applied and works very well.
3. We have also integrated technical indicators such as the RSI and the MA / VWAP crossover into this strategy to identify low-risk pullback entries in the context of confirmed uptrends. By doing so, the risk profile of this strategy and drawdowns are being reduced to an absolute minimum.
Minervini’s Trend-Template and the ‘Stage-Analysis’ of the Markets
This strategy is a so-called 'long-only' strategy. This means that we only take long positions, short positions are not considered.
The best market environment for such strategies are periods of stable upward trends in the so-called stage 2 - uptrend.
In stable upward trends, we increase our market exposure and risk.
In sideways markets and downward trends or bear markets, we reduce our exposure very quickly or go 100% to cash and wait for the markets to recover and improve. This allows us to avoid major losses and drawdowns.
This simple rule gives us a significant advantage over most undisciplined traders and amateurs!
'The Trend is your Friend'. This is a very old but true quote.
What's behind it???
• 98% of stocks made their biggest gains in a Phase 2 upward trend.
• If a stock is in a stable uptrend, this is evidence that larger institutions are buying the stock sustainably.
• By focusing on stocks that are in a stable uptrend, the chances of profit are significantly increased.
• In a stable uptrend, investors know exactly what to expect from further price developments. This makes it possible to locate low-risk entry points.
The goal is not to buy at the lowest price – the goal is to buy at the right price!
Each stock goes through the same maturity cycle – it starts at stage 1 and ends at stage 4
Stage 1 – Neglect Phase – Consolidation
Stage 2 – Progressive Phase – Accumulation
Stage 3 – Topping Phase – Distribution
Stage 4 – Downtrend – Capitulation
This strategy focuses on identifying stocks in confirmed stage 2 uptrends. This in itself gives us an advantage over long-term investors and less professional traders.
By focusing on stocks in a stage 2 uptrend, we avoid losses in downtrends (stage 4) or less profitable consolidation phases (stages 1 and 3). We are fully invested and put our money to work for us, and we are fully invested when stocks are in their stage 2 uptrends.
But how can we use technical chart analysis to find stocks that are in a stable stage 2 uptrend?
Mark Minervini has developed the so-called 'trend template' for this purpose. This is an essential part of our JS-TechTrading pullback strategy. For our watchlists, only those individual values that meet the tough requirements of Minervini's trend template are eligible.
The Trend Template
• 200d MA increasing over a period of at least 1 month, better 4-5 months or longer
• 150d MA above 200d MA
• 50d MA above 150d MA and 200d MA
• Course above 50d MA, 150d MA and 200d MA
• Ideally, the 50d MA is increasing over at least 1 month
• Price at least 25% above the 52w low
• Price within 25% of 52w high
• High relative strength according to IBD.
NOTE: In this basic version of the script, the Trend-Template has to be used as a separate indicator on TradingView (Public Trend-Template indicators are available in TradingView – community scripts). It is recommended to only execute buy signals in case the stock or financial security is in a stage 2 uptrend, which means that the criteria of the trend-template are fulfilled.
This strategy can be applied to all timeframes from 5 min to daily.
The VWAP Momentum-Pullback Strateg y
For the JS-TechTrading VWAP Momentum-Pullback Strategy, only stocks and other financial instruments that meet the selected criteria of Mark Minervini's trend template are recommended for algorithmic trading with this startegy.
A further prerequisite for generating a buy signals is that the individual value is in a short-term oversold state (RSI).
When the selling pressure is over and the continuation of the uptrend can be confirmed by the MA / VWAP crossover after reaching a price low, a buy signal is issued by this strategy.
Stop-loss limits and profit targets can be set variably.
Relative Strength Index (RSI)
The Relative Strength Index (RSI) is a technical indicator developed by Welles Wilder in 1978. The RSI is used to perform a market value analysis and identify the strength of a trend as well as overbought and oversold conditions. The indicator is calculated on a scale from 0 to 100 and shows how much an asset has risen or fallen relative to its own price in recent periods.
The RSI is calculated as the ratio of average profits to average losses over a certain period of time. A high value of the RSI indicates an overbought situation, while a low value indicates an oversold situation. Typically, a value > 70 is considered an overbought threshold and a value < 30 is considered an oversold threshold. A value above 70 signals that a single value may be overvalued and a decrease in price is likely , while a value below 30 signals that a single value may be undervalued and an increase in price is likely.
For example, let's say you're watching a stock XYZ. After a prolonged falling movement, the RSI value of this stock has fallen to 26. This means that the stock is oversold and that it is time for a potential recovery. Therefore, a trader might decide to buy this stock in the hope that it will rise again soon.
The MA / VWAP Crossover Trading Strategy
This strategy combines two popular technical indicators: the Moving Average (MA) and the Volume Weighted Average Price (VWAP). The MA VWAP crossover strategy is used to identify potential trend reversals and entry/exit points in the market.
The VWAP is calculated by taking the average price of an asset for a given period, weighted by the volume traded at each price level. The MA, on the other hand, is calculated by taking the average price of an asset over a specified number of periods. When the MA crosses above the VWAP, it suggests that buying pressure is increasing, and it may be a good time to enter a long position. When the MA crosses below the VWAP, it suggests that selling pressure is increasing, and it may be a good time to exit a long position or enter a short position.
Traders typically use the MA VWAP crossover strategy in conjunction with other technical indicators and fundamental analysis to make more informed trading decisions. As with any trading strategy, it is important to carefully consider the risks and potential rewards before making any trades.
This strategy is applicable to all timeframes and the relevant parameters for the underlying indicators (RSI and MA/VWAP) can be adjusted and optimized as needed.
Backtesting
Backtesting gives outstanding results on all timeframes and drawdowns can be reduced to a minimum level. In this example, the hourly chart for MCFT has been used.
Settings for backtesting are:
- Period from April 2020 until April 2021 (1 yr)
- Starting capital 100k USD
- Position size = 25% of equity
- 0.01% commission = USD 2.50.- per Trade
- Slippage = 2 ticks
Other comments
• This strategy has been designed to identify the most promising, highest probability entries and trades for each stock or other financial security.
• The RSI qualifier is highly selective and filters out the most promising swing-trading entries. As a result, you will normally only find a low number of trades for each stock or other financial security per year in case you apply this strategy for the daily charts. Shorter timeframes will result in a higher number of trades / year.
• As a result, traders need to apply this strategy for a full watchlist rather than just one financial security.
Shorting when Bollinger Band Above Price with RSI (by Coinrule)The Bollinger Bands are among the most famous and widely used indicators. A Bollinger Band is a technical analysis tool defined by a set of trendlines plotted two standard deviations (positively and negatively) away from a simple moving average ( SMA ) of a security's price, but which can be adjusted to user preferences. They can suggest when an asset is oversold or overbought in the short term, thus providing the best time for buying and selling it.
The relative strength index ( RSI ) is a momentum indicator used in technical analysis. RSI measures the speed and magnitude of a security's recent price changes to evaluate overvalued or undervalued conditions in the price of that security. The RSI can do more than point to overbought and oversold securities. It can also indicate securities primed for a trend reversal or corrective pullback in price. It can signal when to buy and sell. Traditionally, an RSI reading of 70 or above indicates an overbought situation. A reading of 30 or below indicates an oversold condition.
The short order is placed on assets that present strong momentum when it's more likely that it is about to reverse. The rule strategy places and closes the order when the following conditions are met:
ENTRY
The closing price is greater than the upper standard deviation of the Bollinger Bands
The RSI is less than 70.
EXIT
The trade is closed when the RSI is less than 70
The lower standard deviation of the Bollinger Band is less than the closing price.
This strategy was backtested from the beginning of 2022 to capture how this strategy would perform in a bear market.
The strategy assumes each order to trade 70% of the available capital to make the results more realistic. A trading fee of 0.1% is taken into account. The fee is aligned to the base fee applied on Binance, which is the largest cryptocurrency exchange by volume.
Divergence for Many [Dimkud - v5]Strategy is based on "Divergence for Many Indicators v4 ST" strategy by CannyTolany01
which is based on "Divergence for Many Indicator" indicator by LonesomeTheBlue
This strategy is searching for divergences on 18 indicators which you can select and optimise one by one.
Additionally you can connect any other External Indicator value. (just add this indicator the the chart and select option in settings)
To the original indicator/strategy I have added 9 additional indicators:
( Money Flow Index, Williams_Vix, Stochastic RSI , SMI Ergodic Oscillator, Volume Weighted MACD , Bull Bear Power, Balance of Power , Relative Volatility Index , Logistic Settings).
Converted strategy to v5 of Pine Script.
Added Static SL/TP in percents (%).
Added filters to filter enters:
1. Volume Weighted MACD - Multi-TimeFrame Filter
(It checks for histogram to falling or rising for a set periods of bars)
2. Money Flow Index - Multi-TimeFrame Filter
(It checks if MFI Oscillator is in the set diapason.
Also It checks if MFI is falling or rising for a set periods of bars )
3. ATR filter
(check changes in fast ATR to slow ATR )
Strategy shows good backtest results on many crypto tokens on 45m - 1h periods. (with parameters optimisation for every indicator)
To find best parameters - you can enable indicators one-by one, and optimise best parameters for each of them.
Then enable all indicators with successful results.
Optimise SL/TP.
Then try to enable and optimise filters (channels etc.)
The better is to optimise parameters separately for Short and Long trading. And run two separate bots (in settings enable only Long or only Short.)
Updates:
- Added visualisation for open trades (SL/TP)
- Added Volatility filter by ATR with many options for tests.
- Fixed some small bugs.
- Added second RSI filter (you can use two RSIs with different TF or settings)
- Updated ATR volatility and MFI filter. Removed non-effective options
- Added CCI filter
- Added option to Enable/Disable visualisation of TP/SL on chart
- Fixed one small quick bug. ("ATR filter short" was not working)
- Added Super Trend filter
- Added Momentum filter
- Added Volume Filter
- All "request.security" MultiTimeFrame calls changed to 100% non-repait function "f_security()"
Wunder Volatility botWunder Volatility bot
We have used the Average True Range (ATR) in many of its trading versions.
1. ATR with MA. This indicator includes the ATR as well as the simple moving average, which helps to restore the expected market.
2. We apply percentage based ATR to determine how volatile the market is and whether to buy or sell at that time. For trading, we will filter the market and make trades only within the specified range. This range will adjust depending on the asset, so you will need to change the settings if you are trading multiple assets.
3. A function for calculating risk on the portfolio (your deposit) has been added to the Wunder Volatility bot script. When this option is enabled, you get a calculation of the entry amount in dollars relative to your Stop Loss. In the settings, you can select the risk percentage on your portfolio. The loss will be calculated from the amount that will be displayed on the chart.
For example, if your deposit is $1000 and you set the risk to 1%, with a Stop Loss of 5%, the entry volume will be $200. The loss at SL will be $10.10, which is your 1% risk or 1% of the deposit.
**Important!** The risk per trade must be less than the Stop Loss value. If the risk is greater than SL, then you should use leverage.
The amount of funds entering the trade is calculated in dollars. This option was created if you want to send the dollar amount from Tradingview to the exchange. However, putting your volume in dollars you get the incorrect net profit and drawdown indication in the backtest results, as TradingView calculates the backtest volume in contracts.
To display the correct net profit and drawdown values in Tradingview Backtest results, use the ”Volume in contract” option.
Wunder Trend Reversal botWunder Trend Reversal bot
1. Wunder Trend Reversal Bot - this has only one goal to find a reversal of the trend.
2. The strategy determines, based on the specified value for the filter, a market reversal based on the price actions of the previous bars.
3. A short EMA is used to filter false signals after the reversal signal was received. Crossing the EMA and changing its direction confirms the trend change.
4. There are 2 ways to calculate stop loss and take profit. You can choose one of them:
- Classic stop loss and take profit in a fixed percentage
- ATR stop loss and take pro
5. ATR uses risk reward (R:R) to calculate take profit. The script calculates the risk-reward based on a certain stop loss level and uses it to calculate the take profit
6. A function for calculating risk on the portfolio (your deposit) has been added to the script. When this option is enabled, you get a calculation of the entry amount in dollars relative to your Stop Loss. In the settings, you can select the risk percentage on your portfolio. The loss will be calculated from the amount that will be displayed on the chart.
For example. Deposit - $1000, you set the risk to 1%. SL 5%. Entry volume will be $200. The loss at SL will be $10.10$ this is your 1% risk or 1% of the deposit.
Important! The risk per trade must be less than the Stop Loss value. If the risk is greater than SL, then you should use leverage.
The amount of funds entering the trade is calculated in dollars. This option was created if you want to send the dollar amount from Tradingview to the exchange. However, putting your volume in dollars you get the incorrect net profit and drawdown indication in the backtest results, as TradingView calculates the backtest volume in contracts.
To display the correct net profit and drawdown values in Tradingview Backtest results, use the ”Volume in contracts” option.
Cyatophilum Universal Oscillator TraderAn indicator to backtest and create an infinite number of strategies using any external indicator.
═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
█ HOW IT WORKS
The indicator allows you to create your oscillator strategy and get backtest results from the Strategy Tester.
You can also create alerts for each of the strategy events.
█ HOW TO USE
Choose a strategy direction long or short that you want to create.
Always use regular candle type.
Configure your entry condition . To use any other indicator as source, it needs to be added to the chart first.
If you have the basic (free) TradingView plan, you can only have 1 indicator on your chart, and cannot use this external source feature. For this case, the indicator has a list of built-in oscillator (that can be increased upon request).
Then choose your condition: Cross over, Greater than, Pullback, Turning up, etc.
You now have your entry and should already see trades on the chart!
Next you can fine tune your entry condition or move to the risk management and filters.
Configure your stop loss
Use the stop loss feature to exit a trade at a certain loss.
You can also create a trailing stop using price % movement or ATR.
Configure your profit target
Use the Take Profit feature to set a target in percentage of price. You can also make it trail.
Configure your safety orders
This indicator has a safety orders feature to reduce the risk of your trade. See more below.
Check your backtest parameters
Make sure that the initial capital and order size make sense. Since it is a pyramiding strategy with safety orders, the sum of all deals should not be bigger than the initial capital.
If you use % equity as order size, please note that it will create compounding.
Check the fees, by default they are set to 0.1%.
I also recommend to set a slippage that corresponds to your exchange's spread.
█ FEATURES
• Strategy direction
Configure to go long or short.
• Entry Conditions
- External Oscillator source
- Built-in Oscillator (for basic plans)
- Base Condition for entry (Less/Greater than, Crossing Up/Down, Pullback Bull/Bear, Turning Up/Down, etc. More can be added later on)
- Additional Momentum Condition: Oscillator should be rising/falling for x number of bars
- Addition Threshold Condition: Oscillator should be Greater/Lowser than x
• Trend Filter
Filter Trades using 1 or 2 moving averages (MTF), based on Slop Change or Price Cross. Trend line is green = only longs, red = only shorts.
• Entry Filters
- Volume filter to remove low volume entries
- Overbought/Oversold filters
- Flat market Filter
• Stop Loss and Take Profit
Configure your stop loss and take profit for long and short trades.
You can also make a trailing take profit and trailing stop.
• DCA (Safety orders)
Create up to 100 safety orders with configurable options for step and volume scaling, take profit from total volume, base and safety order size.
• Backtest Settings
Choose a backtest period, longs or shorts, wether to use limit orders or not.
Graphics
A Backtest Results panel with additional information from the strategy tester.
A lightweight mode to remove background plots and make the indicator load faster.
█ ALERTS
The indicator is using the alert() calls: it only uses 1 alert slot to send order messages for each event (Long/Short entry, stop loss, take profit, safety order, exit timer). This means basic-free TV plans can create 1 complete strategy.
To set your alert messages, open the indicator settings and scroll to the bottom of the "inputs" tab.
Create your alert after you set the messages in the indicator settings, and make sure "Any alert() function call" is set in the alert option.
Use placeholders to automatically replace values in your alert messages like price, target profit, order size etc. (see the indicator inputs).
█ BACKTEST RESULTS
The backtest settings can be seen in the 'Properties' tab of the backtest report below.
Please read the author instructions below for access.
Cipher_B (Finandy support)In this version of the script you can force to cancel your position after some amount of time indepedently on price action. For example, your bot open a short position with SL=1% and TP=2.4% but price did not reach any of this level over the course of to say 8 hours. In this case, position will be closed regardless of the price.
Other interesting features are volume and slope filters. Slope is essentially a derivative of price action. If you don't like to buy your instrument under high volatility, for example, if a trend goes down too fast then you can filter long position which could be opened according to the strategy. Same thing for volume filter. If the volume is too high/too low, you might want to escape such setup in your trading strategy.
Moreover, you can tune price shift for opening position. To say, if you believe that the signal for opening position comes too early everytime, you can force the strategy to buy at 1% lower price than the current price when the signal comes. Similar logic for short: open position price will be always higher than the price of the signal. If the price did not reach such level then position will be automatically cancel with a new signal arrival. Check the backtesting results to understand better the logic.
ILDA FINALY_BOT_V1conversionPeriods = input.int(9, minval=1, title="Conversion Line Length")
basePeriods = input.int(26, minval=1, title="Base Line Length")
laggingSpan2Periods = input.int(52, minval=1, title="Leading Span B Length")
displacement = input.int(26, minval=1, title="Lagging Span")
donchian ( len ) => math. avg (ta.lowest( len ), ta.highest( len ))
conversionLine = donchian (conversionPeriods)
baseLine = donchian (basePeriods)
leadLine1 = math. avg (conversionLine, baseLine)
leadLine2 = donchian (laggingSpan2Periods)
plot(conversionLine, color=#2962FF, title="Conversion Line")
plot(baseLine, color=#B71C1C, title="Base Line")
plot(close, offset = -displacement + 1, color=#43A047, title="Lagging Span")
p1 = plot(leadLine1, offset = displacement - 1, color=#A5D6A7,
title="Leading Span A")
p2 = plot(leadLine2, offset = displacement - 1, color=#EF9A9A,
title="Leading Span B")
plot(leadLine1 > leadLine2 ? leadLine1 : leadLine2, offset = displacement - 1, title = "Kumo Cloud Upper Line", display = display.none)
plot(leadLine1 < leadLine2 ? leadLine1 : leadLine2, offset = displacement - 1, title = "Kumo Cloud Lower Line", display = display.none)
fill(p1, p2, color = leadLine1 > leadLine2 ? color. rgb (67, 160, 71, 90) : color. rgb (244, 67, 54, 90))
Wunder Keltner botWunder Keltner bot
1. Wunder Keltner bot is based on the breakout of the Keltner channel. For calculation, 2 channels are used, one for long trades, and the other for short trades. The division into 2 channels is used for more accurate entry calculations depending on trend directions.
2. The ADX indicator is used to filter signals and determine the trend strength. ADX determines the strength of the trend and confirms the entry into the strategy if the value is greater than the level indicated in the settings.
3. There are 3 ways to calculate Stop Loss and Take Profit. You can choose one of them:
Classic Stop Loss and Take Profit in a fixed percentage
ATR Stop Loss
Keltner. Stop Loss, which is set on the opposite Keltner’s Channel Band from Keltner breakout.
4. ATR and Keltner use Risk Reward (R:R) to calculate Take Profit. The script calculates Risk Reward based on the determined Stop loss level and uses the ration to calculate Take Profit.
5. A function for calculating risk on the portfolio (your deposit) has been added to the script. When this option is enabled, you get a calculation of the entry amount in dollars relative to your Stop Loss. In the settings, you can select the risk percentage on your portfolio. The loss will be calculated from the amount that will be displayed on the chart.
For example. Deposit - $1000, you set the risk to 1%. SL 5%. Entry volume will be $200. The loss at SL will be $10.10$ this is your 1% risk or 1% of the deposit.
Important! The risk per trade must be less than the Stop Loss value. If the risk is greater than SL, then you should use leverage.
The amount of funds entering the trade is calculated in dollars. This option was created if you want to send the dollar amount from Tradingview to the exchange. However, putting your volume in dollars you get the incorrect net profit and drawdown indication in the backtest results, as TradingView calculates the backtest volume in contracts.
To display the correct net profit and drawdown values in Tradingview Backtest results, use the ”Volume in contract” option.
AVPHOW TO USE:
This script is designed to be used on MES primarily. ES works as well but much more capital is needed.
3000 per contract is the recommended amount of initial capital. This number is a combination of the maintenance requirements to hold a contract through the settlement period and an additional amount for any drawdown. 1k maintenance + 2k drawdown buffer. This is a conservative estimate. You may need to change this to fit your individual broker requirements and risk tolerance.
Depending on the signal and how it is filtered the script will sometimes reverse a position or close it. Be mindful of which.
An important note is to not decrease the number of contracts traded once you have upped the position size if you plan to increase as the profit allows.
SIMULATION:
I've included an option to see the compounding and changes in position size according to the HOW TO section. If you have access to "Deep Backtesting" option the results will be clearer. The current limitations of the data provided by TradingView at the 5m resolution limits the deep backtest to just shy of 1 year worth of trades.
The initial number of contracts to be traded can be changed to fit your own account size you wish to trade. You may also wish to see how it builds from just a single contract and building up based off profit alone. In that case leave the initial size as 1.
The buffer size is the amount of capital required to increase the position size. You may wish to increase risk by lowering this number or have a more conservative one by increasing it.
Multi Trend Cross Strategy TemplateToday I am sharing with the community trend cross strategy template that incorporates any combination of over 20 built in indicators. Some of these indicators are in the Pine library, and some have been custom coded and contributed over time by the beloved Pine Coder community. Identifying a trend cross is a common trend following strategy and a common custom-code request from the community. Using this template, users can now select from over 400 different potential trend combinations and setup alerts without any custom coding required. This Multi-Trend cross template has a very inclusive library of trend calculations/indicators built-in, and will plot any of the 20+ indicators/trends that you can select in the settings.
How it works : Simple trend cross strategies go long when the fast trend crosses over the slow trend, and/or go short when the fast trend crosses under the slow trend. Options for either trend direction are built-in to this strategy template. The script is also coded in a way that allows you to enable/modify pyramid settings and scale into a position over time after a trend has crossed.
Use cases : These types of strategies can reduce the volatility of returns and can help avoid large market downswings. For instance, those running a longer term trend-cross strategy may have not realized half the down swing of the bear markets or crashes in 02', 08', 20', etc. However, in other years, they may have exited the market from time to time at unfavorable points that didn't end up being a down turn, or at times the market was ranging sideways. Some also use them to reduce volatility and then add leverage to attempt to beat buy/hold of the underlying asset within an acceptable drawdown threshold.
Special thanks to @Duyck, @everget, @KivancOzbilgic and @LazyBear for coding and contributing earlier versions of some of these custom indicators in Pine.
This script incorporates all of the following indicators. Each of them can be selected and modified from within the indicator settings:
ALMA - Arnaud Legoux Moving Average
DEMA - Double Exponential Moving Average
DSMA - Deviation Scaled Moving Average - Contributed by Everget
EMA - Exponential Moving Average
HMA - Hull Moving Average
JMA - Jurik Moving Average - Contributed by Everget
KAMA - Kaufman's Adaptive Moving Average - Contributed by Everget
LSMA - Linear Regression , Least Squares Moving Average
RMA - Relative Moving Average
SMA - Simple Moving Average
SMMA - Smoothed Moving Average
Price Source - Plotted based on source selection
TEMA - Triple Exponential Moving Average
TMA - Triangular Moving Average
VAMA - Volume Adjusted Moving Average - Contributed by Duyck
VIDYA - Variable Index Dynamic Average - Contributed by KivancOzbilgic
VMA - Variable Moving Average - Contributed by LazyBear
VWMA - Volume Weighted Moving Average
WMA - Weighted Moving Average
WWMA - Welles Wilder's Moving Average
ZLEMA - Zero Lag Exponential Moving Average - Contributed by KivancOzbilgic
Disclaimer : This is not financial advice. Open-source scripts I publish in the community are largely meant to spark ideas that can be used as building blocks for part of a more robust trade management strategy. If you would like to implement a version of any script, I would recommend making significant additions/modifications to the strategy & risk management functions. If you don’t know how to program in Pine, then hire a Pine-coder. We can help!
Morning Scalp StrategyThe Morning Scalp Strategy combines the 50EMA with the Stochastic Momentum Index. The morning period is when penny stocks usually have the highest volatility, so the strategy works between 10:00 AM and 12:10 PM.
***It opens only long positions. The ideal timeframe for this scalping strategy is 5 minutes on low-price stocks. The stock should spike in the morning with momentum and Volume.
***Look for a daily or intraday support area, close to the open position, to increase the confidence in the play
The components are:
- EMA50: Exponential Moving Average (EMA50)
- Stochastic Momentum Index (SMI)
Rules:
- Period: 10:00 AM and 12:10 PM
- if SMI Crossover and SMI < 0, open a position
- If close < EMA50, close the position
- Profit target: To be decided by the user, default value = 10% above the entry price
If you have any questions, let me know!
Strategy Myth-Busting #6 - PSAR+MA+SQZMOM+HVI - [MYN]This is part of a new series we are calling "Strategy Myth-Busting" where we take open public manual trading strategies and automate them. The goal is to not only validate the authenticity of the claims but to provide an automated version for traders who wish to trade autonomously.
Our sixth one we are automating is " I Tested ''7% Profit Per Day" Scalping Strategy 100 Times ( Unexpected Results ) " from " TradeIQ " which claims to have made 175% profit on the 5 min chart of BTCUSD with a having a 61% win rate in just 32 days.
Originally, we mimicked verbatim the indicators and settings TradeIQ was using however weren't getting promising results anything close to the claim so we decided to try and improve on it. We changed the static Parabolic SAR to be adaptive based upon the timeframe. We did this by using an adjustable multiplier for the PSAR Max. Also, In TradeIQ's revised version he substituted Hawkeye's Volume Indicator in lieu of Squeeze Momentum. We found that including both indicators we were getting better results so included them both. Feel free to experiment more. Would love to see how this could be improved on.
This strategy uses a combination of 4 open-source public indicators:
Parabolic Sar (built in)
10 in 1 MA's by hiimannshu
Squeeze Momentum by lazybear
HawkEYE Volume Indicator by lazybear
Trading Rules
5m timeframe and above. We saw equally good results in the higher (3h - 4h) timeframes as well.
Long Entry:
Parabolic Sar shifts below price at last dot above and then previous bar needs to breach above that.
Price action has to be below both MA's and 50MA needs to be above 200MA
Squeeze Momentum needsd to be in green or close to going green
HawkEYE Volume Indicator needs to be show a green bar on the histagram
Short Entry:
Parabolic Sar shifts above price at last dot below and then previous bar needs to breach below that.
Price action needs to be above both MA's and 50MA needs to be below 200MA
Squeeze Momentum needsd to be in red or close to going red
HawkEYE Volume Indicator needs to be show a red bar on the histagram
If you know of or have a strategy you want to see myth-busted or just have an idea for one, please feel free to message me.
AlgoTrade DCA Bot Backtester█ OVERVIEW
This script can be used to backtest DCA Bots. It draws inspiration from 3Commas and has most settings that are available on 3Commas. It contains a few popular DCA Bot Presets that are well known in the community for you to test out! Preset used here: Kirigakure V4
█ FEATURES
DCA Preset (Custom, Standard TA,Urma Lite V3,Kirigakure V1,Kirigakure V3,Kirigakure V4)
Order Size Type (Fixed/% of equity to simulate compounding)
Base Order Size
Safety Order Size
Max Safety Trades Count
Price Deviation to open safety order %
Safety Order Volume Scale
Safety Order Step Scale
Take Profit %
Use ADR (Average Daily Range) as Take Profit
ADR length (if ADR as take profit is enabled)
Take Profit Type (% from total volume / % from base order)
Trailing Take Profit
Stop Loss
Deal Start Condition (Start ASAP) ▶ More Deal Starting Conditions will be added in the future
Bot Direction (Long / Short)
Start Time ▶ 1999-01-01 (Use this to always backtest the entire history)
End Time
This strategy also allows you to plot the Average Price and Take Profit of each trade, so it's easier to follow the trade and understand what's happening.
█ HOW TO USE
1. Select a DCA Preset and change the initial capital to the exact amount that is required (seen in the error message on top of the table). When using a Preset the following settings will be locked, meaning if you change them in the script's settings it won't have any effect:
Base Order Size
Safety Order Size
Max Safety Trades Count
Price Deviation to open safety order %
Safety Order Volume Scale
Safety Order Step Scale
Use ADR (Average Daily Range) as Take Profit
1.1 When using Presets you can choose the Order Size Type of Fixed or % of equity which simulates compounding
1.2 Choose a Direction and a Start and End Time
2. To backtest customized settings choose the preset "Custom"
2.1 All other settings are now "unlocked" and can be used
█ LIMITATIONS
Whenever a DCA preset is changed the initial_capital needs to be changed to the exact amount the settings require. If the initial_capital is not the same there will be an error of top of the table. To fix this error navigate to the Script's Settings and Properties and change the initial_capital to the same amount that is stated in the error.
DCA Bots with a high number of safety orders, e.g. 100, can run into an error that says "Maximum number of orders (9000) reached". If this error happens change the backtesting time to a shorter timeframe.
Using % of equity simulates compounding but is unrealistic because you cannot re-invest every single dollar
█ THANKS
This script in insipred by rouxam's "Backtesting 3commas DCA Bot v2" script
SUPPORT RESISTANCE STRATEGY [5MIN TF]A SUPPORT RESISTANCE BREAKOUT STRATEGY for 5 minute Time-Frame , that has the time condition for Indian Markets
The Timing can be changed to fit other markets, scroll down to "TIME CONDITION" to know more.
The commission is also included in the strategy .
The basic idea is when ,
1) Price crosses above Resistance Level ,indicated by Red Line, is a Long condition.
2) Price crosses below Support Level ,indicated by Green Line , is a Short condition.
3) Candle high crosses above ema1, is a part of the Long condition .
4) Candle low crosses below ema1, is a part of the Short condition .
5) Volume Threshold is an added confirmation for long/short positions.
6) Maximum Risk per trade for the intraday trade can be changed .
7) Default qty size is set to 50 contracts , which can be changed under settings → properties → order size.
8) ATR is used for trailing after entry, as mentioned in the inputs below.
// ═════════════════════════//
// ————————> INPUTS <————————— //
// ═════════════════════════//
→ L_Bars ———————————> Length of Resistance / Support Levels.
→ R_Bars ———————————> Length of Resistance / Support Levels.
→ Volume Break ———————> Volume Breakout from range to confirm Long/Short position.
→ Price Cross Ema —————> Added condition as explained above (3) and (4).
→ ATR LONG —————————> ATR stoploss trail for Long positions.
→ ATR SHORT ————————> ATR stoploss trail for Short positions.
→ RISK ————————————> Maximum Risk per trade intraday.
The strategy was back-tested on TCS ,the input values and the results are mentioned under "BACKTEST RESULTS" below.
// ═════════════════════════ //
// ————————> PROPERTIES<——————— //
// ═════════════════════════ //
Default_qty_size ————> 50 contracts , which can be changed under
Settings
↓
Properties
↓
Order size
// ═══════════════════════════════//
// ————————> TIME CONDITION <————————— //
// ═══════════════════════════════//
The time can be changed in the script , Add it → click on ' { } ' → Pine editor→ making it a copy [right top corner} → Edit the line 27.
The Indian Markets open at 9:15am and closes at 3:30pm.
The 'time_cond' specifies the time at which Entries should happen .
"Close All" function closes all the trades at 3pm , at the open of the next candle.
To change the time to close all trades , Go to Pine Editor → Edit the line 92 .
All open trades get closed at 3pm , because some brokers don't allow you to place fresh intraday orders after 3pm .
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════ //
// ————————> BACKTEST RESULTS ( 100 CLOSED TRADES )<————————— //
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════ //
INPUTS can be changed for better Back-Test results.
The strategy applied to NSE:TCS ( 5 min Time-Frame and contract size 50) gives us 60% profitability , as shown below
It was tested for a period a 6 months with a Profit Factor of 1.8 ,net Profit of 30,000 Rs profit .
Sharpe Ratio : 0.49
Sortino Ratio : 1.4
The graph has a Linear Curve with Consistent Profits.
The INPUTS are as follows,
1) L_Bars —————————> 4
2) R_Bars —————————> 4
3) Volume Break ————> 5
4) Price Cross Ema ——> 100
5) ATR LONG ——————> 2.4
6) ATR SHORT —————> 2.6
7) RISK —————————> 2000
8) Default qty size ——> 50
NSE:TCS
Save it to favorites.
Apply it to your charts Now !!
Thank You ☺ NSE:TCS
EMA + Bullish Engulfing Candle Pattern StrategyHello Guys! Nice to meet you all!
This is my first open source script!
### Long Condition
1. Bullish Engulfing Candle
2. No doge Candle
3. Present volume should be bigger than the previous volume (20%)
4. Trend filter (with 2 EMAs)
### Close Condition
1. When trend Changes
2. When Bearish Engulfing Candle appears
###
No stop loss and take profit.
歐咪茄1號策略 ETH2此策略依照曲線不同包含了macd、 ADX 、RSI等作為數據綜合判斷 當然也包含成交量去做預判
不做止損為設定 將行情可能發生的誘多誘空行為規避達到更好的盈利
此策略針對ETH 30MIN為主 其他時框幣種不可以
Strategies include macd, ADX, RSI..., which are judged according to different curves as comprehensive data. Of course, it also includes trading volumes for forecasting.
Do not set stop loss to avoid possible long and short market behavior in the market to obtain better profits
This strategy is based on ETH 30MIN, other time frame currencies are not allowed
Heikin Ashi - The WhaleThe strategy is based on Heikin Ashi calculation, you do not need to switch the candle to HA.
The HA is used as a base entry, if a candle or two candles are bullish, then is valid to open a position, you can select the validation, one or two candles.
Also, the strategy mainly uses volume indicators as a confluence, you can select VWAP , VWMA , and Volume Oscillator, in addition to ADX which has two ways to validate the entry.
Base entry: One or two bullish HA candles (candles without a lower wick)
Confluence Indicators:
ADX: Will give a positive signal only if ADX is above the threshold, or if +DI is above -DI, or both.
VWAP: will give a positive signal if HA close is above VWAP.
VWMA: composite of 3 MA (20, 25, 50). There are multiple options to set it as confluence, the first option is to check if the short is bigger than the long and long is bigger than the base. The other options are to check the close status, which is bigger than which MA. You can find the description of each option in the strategy box
The sell is based on trailing stop loss (TSL), while the stop loss is based lowest X candle, the strategy will look back to the lowest number of the HA candles and set it as stop loss.
Statistical Correlation Algorithm - The Quant ScienceStatistical Correlation Algorithm - The Quant Science™ is a quantitative trading algorithm.
ALGORITHM DESCRIPTION
This algorithm analyses the correlation ratios between two assets. The main asset (on the chart), and the secondary asset (set by the user). Then apply the long or short trading strategy.
The algorithm divides trading work into three parts:
1. Correlation analysis
2. Long or short entry
3. Closing trades
Inside the strategy: the algorithm analyses the percentage change yields from a previous session, of the secondary asset. If the variation meets the set condition then it will open a long or short position, on the primary asset. The open position is closed after 'x' number of sessions. Stop loss and take profit can be added to the trade exit parameters.
Logic: analyses the correlation between two assets and looks for a statistical advantage within the correlation.
INDICATOR DESCRIPTION
The algorithm includes a quantitative indicator. This indicator is used for correlation analysis and offers a quick reading of the quantitative data. The blue area shows the correlation ratio values. The yellow histograms show the percentage change in the yields of the main asset. Purple histograms show the percentage change in secondary asset yields.
GENERAL FEATURES
Multi time-frame: the user can set any time-frame for the secondary asset.
Multi asset: the user analyses the conditions on a second asset.
Multi-strategy: the algorithm can apply either the long strategy or the short strategy.
Built-in alerts: the algorithm contains alerts that can be customized from the user interface.
Integrated indicator: the quantity indicator is included.
Backtesting included: automatic backtesting of the strategy is generated based on the values set.
Auto-trading compliant: functions for auto trading are included.
USER INTERFACE SETTINGS
Through the intuitive user interface, you can manage all the parameters of this algorithm without any programming experience. The user interface is extremely descriptive and contains all the information needed to understand the logic of the algorithm and to configure it correctly.
1. Date range: through this function you can adjust the analysis and working period of the algorithm.
2. Asset: through this function you can adjust the secondary asset and its time-frame. You can enter any type of asset, even indices and economic indicators.
3. Asset details: this function is used to adjust the percentage change to be analyzed on the secondary asset. The analysis and input conditions are also chosen.
4. Active long or short strategy: this function is used to set the type of strategy to be used, long or short.
5. Setting algo trading alert: with this function, users can manage alerts for their web-hook.
6. Exit&Money management: with this function the user can adjust the exit periods of each trade and activate or deactivate any stop losses and take profits.
7. Data Value Analysis: this function is used to adjust the parameters for the quantity indicator.
Strategy - Trend Chaser - PSeTrend Chaser for Philippine Stock Exchange - LONG ONLY
-Elvin Kennedy Latayan 2022
STD-Filterd, R-squared Adaptive T3 w/ Dynamic Zones BT [Loxx]STD-Filterd, R-squared Adaptive T3 w/ Dynamic Zones BT is the backtest strategy for "STD-Filterd, R-squared Adaptive T3 w/ Dynamic Zones " seen below:
Included:
This backtest uses a special implementation of ATR and ATR smoothing called "True Range Double" which is a range calculation that accounts for volatility skew.
You can set the backtest to 1-2 take profits with stop-loss
Signals can't exit on the same candle as the entry, this is coded in a way for 1-candle delay post entry
This should be coupled with the INDICATOR version linked above for the alerts and signals. Strategies won't paint the signal "L" or "S" until the entry actually happens, but indicators allow this, which is repainting on current candle, but this is an FYI if you want to get serious with Pinescript algorithmic botting
You can restrict the backtest by dates
It is advised that you understand what Heikin-Ashi candles do to strategies, the default settings for this backtest is NON Heikin-Ashi candles but you have the ability to change that in the source selection
This is a mathematically heavy, heavy-lifting strategy with multi-layered adaptivity. Make sure you do your own research so you understand what is happening here. This can be used as its own trading system without any other oscillators, moving average baselines, or volatility/momentum confirmation indicators.
What is the T3 moving average?
Better Moving Averages Tim Tillson
November 1, 1998
Tim Tillson is a software project manager at Hewlett-Packard, with degrees in Mathematics and Computer Science. He has privately traded options and equities for 15 years.
Introduction
"Digital filtering includes the process of smoothing, predicting, differentiating, integrating, separation of signals, and removal of noise from a signal. Thus many people who do such things are actually using digital filters without realizing that they are; being unacquainted with the theory, they neither understand what they have done nor the possibilities of what they might have done."
This quote from R. W. Hamming applies to the vast majority of indicators in technical analysis . Moving averages, be they simple, weighted, or exponential, are lowpass filters; low frequency components in the signal pass through with little attenuation, while high frequencies are severely reduced.
"Oscillator" type indicators (such as MACD , Momentum, Relative Strength Index ) are another type of digital filter called a differentiator.
Tushar Chande has observed that many popular oscillators are highly correlated, which is sensible because they are trying to measure the rate of change of the underlying time series, i.e., are trying to be the first and second derivatives we all learned about in Calculus.
We use moving averages (lowpass filters) in technical analysis to remove the random noise from a time series, to discern the underlying trend or to determine prices at which we will take action. A perfect moving average would have two attributes:
It would be smooth, not sensitive to random noise in the underlying time series. Another way of saying this is that its derivative would not spuriously alternate between positive and negative values.
It would not lag behind the time series it is computed from. Lag, of course, produces late buy or sell signals that kill profits.
The only way one can compute a perfect moving average is to have knowledge of the future, and if we had that, we would buy one lottery ticket a week rather than trade!
Having said this, we can still improve on the conventional simple, weighted, or exponential moving averages. Here's how:
Two Interesting Moving Averages
We will examine two benchmark moving averages based on Linear Regression analysis.
In both cases, a Linear Regression line of length n is fitted to price data.
I call the first moving average ILRS, which stands for Integral of Linear Regression Slope. One simply integrates the slope of a linear regression line as it is successively fitted in a moving window of length n across the data, with the constant of integration being a simple moving average of the first n points. Put another way, the derivative of ILRS is the linear regression slope. Note that ILRS is not the same as a SMA ( simple moving average ) of length n, which is actually the midpoint of the linear regression line as it moves across the data.
We can measure the lag of moving averages with respect to a linear trend by computing how they behave when the input is a line with unit slope. Both SMA (n) and ILRS(n) have lag of n/2, but ILRS is much smoother than SMA .
Our second benchmark moving average is well known, called EPMA or End Point Moving Average. It is the endpoint of the linear regression line of length n as it is fitted across the data. EPMA hugs the data more closely than a simple or exponential moving average of the same length. The price we pay for this is that it is much noisier (less smooth) than ILRS, and it also has the annoying property that it overshoots the data when linear trends are present.
However, EPMA has a lag of 0 with respect to linear input! This makes sense because a linear regression line will fit linear input perfectly, and the endpoint of the LR line will be on the input line.
These two moving averages frame the tradeoffs that we are facing. On one extreme we have ILRS, which is very smooth and has considerable phase lag. EPMA has 0 phase lag, but is too noisy and overshoots. We would like to construct a better moving average which is as smooth as ILRS, but runs closer to where EPMA lies, without the overshoot.
A easy way to attempt this is to split the difference, i.e. use (ILRS(n)+EPMA(n))/2. This will give us a moving average (call it IE /2) which runs in between the two, has phase lag of n/4 but still inherits considerable noise from EPMA. IE /2 is inspirational, however. Can we build something that is comparable, but smoother? Figure 1 shows ILRS, EPMA, and IE /2.
Filter Techniques
Any thoughtful student of filter theory (or resolute experimenter) will have noticed that you can improve the smoothness of a filter by running it through itself multiple times, at the cost of increasing phase lag.
There is a complementary technique (called twicing by J.W. Tukey) which can be used to improve phase lag. If L stands for the operation of running data through a low pass filter, then twicing can be described by:
L' = L(time series) + L(time series - L(time series))
That is, we add a moving average of the difference between the input and the moving average to the moving average. This is algebraically equivalent to:
2L-L(L)
This is the Double Exponential Moving Average or DEMA , popularized by Patrick Mulloy in TASAC (January/February 1994).
In our taxonomy, DEMA has some phase lag (although it exponentially approaches 0) and is somewhat noisy, comparable to IE /2 indicator.
We will use these two techniques to construct our better moving average, after we explore the first one a little more closely.
Fixing Overshoot
An n-day EMA has smoothing constant alpha=2/(n+1) and a lag of (n-1)/2.
Thus EMA (3) has lag 1, and EMA (11) has lag 5. Figure 2 shows that, if I am willing to incur 5 days of lag, I get a smoother moving average if I run EMA (3) through itself 5 times than if I just take EMA (11) once.
This suggests that if EPMA and DEMA have 0 or low lag, why not run fast versions (eg DEMA (3)) through themselves many times to achieve a smooth result? The problem is that multiple runs though these filters increase their tendency to overshoot the data, giving an unusable result. This is because the amplitude response of DEMA and EPMA is greater than 1 at certain frequencies, giving a gain of much greater than 1 at these frequencies when run though themselves multiple times. Figure 3 shows DEMA (7) and EPMA(7) run through themselves 3 times. DEMA^3 has serious overshoot, and EPMA^3 is terrible.
The solution to the overshoot problem is to recall what we are doing with twicing:
DEMA (n) = EMA (n) + EMA (time series - EMA (n))
The second term is adding, in effect, a smooth version of the derivative to the EMA to achieve DEMA . The derivative term determines how hot the moving average's response to linear trends will be. We need to simply turn down the volume to achieve our basic building block:
EMA (n) + EMA (time series - EMA (n))*.7;
This is algebraically the same as:
EMA (n)*1.7-EMA( EMA (n))*.7;
I have chosen .7 as my volume factor, but the general formula (which I call "Generalized Dema") is:
GD (n,v) = EMA (n)*(1+v)-EMA( EMA (n))*v,
Where v ranges between 0 and 1. When v=0, GD is just an EMA , and when v=1, GD is DEMA . In between, GD is a cooler DEMA . By using a value for v less than 1 (I like .7), we cure the multiple DEMA overshoot problem, at the cost of accepting some additional phase delay. Now we can run GD through itself multiple times to define a new, smoother moving average T3 that does not overshoot the data:
T3(n) = GD ( GD ( GD (n)))
In filter theory parlance, T3 is a six-pole non-linear Kalman filter. Kalman filters are ones which use the error (in this case (time series - EMA (n)) to correct themselves. In Technical Analysis , these are called Adaptive Moving Averages; they track the time series more aggressively when it is making large moves.
What is R-squared Adaptive?
One tool available in forecasting the trendiness of the breakout is the coefficient of determination ( R-squared ), a statistical measurement.
The R-squared indicates linear strength between the security's price (the Y - axis) and time (the X - axis). The R-squared is the percentage of squared error that the linear regression can eliminate if it were used as the predictor instead of the mean value. If the R-squared were 0.99, then the linear regression would eliminate 99% of the error for prediction versus predicting closing prices using a simple moving average .
R-squared is used here to derive a T3 factor used to modify price before passing price through a six-pole non-linear Kalman filter.
What are Dynamic Zones?
As explained in "Stocks & Commodities V15:7 (306-310): Dynamic Zones by Leo Zamansky, Ph .D., and David Stendahl"
Most indicators use a fixed zone for buy and sell signals. Here’ s a concept based on zones that are responsive to past levels of the indicator.
One approach to active investing employs the use of oscillators to exploit tradable market trends. This investing style follows a very simple form of logic: Enter the market only when an oscillator has moved far above or below traditional trading lev- els. However, these oscillator- driven systems lack the ability to evolve with the market because they use fixed buy and sell zones. Traders typically use one set of buy and sell zones for a bull market and substantially different zones for a bear market. And therein lies the problem.
Once traders begin introducing their market opinions into trading equations, by changing the zones, they negate the system’s mechanical nature. The objective is to have a system automatically define its own buy and sell zones and thereby profitably trade in any market — bull or bear. Dynamic zones offer a solution to the problem of fixed buy and sell zones for any oscillator-driven system.
An indicator’s extreme levels can be quantified using statistical methods. These extreme levels are calculated for a certain period and serve as the buy and sell zones for a trading system. The repetition of this statistical process for every value of the indicator creates values that become the dynamic zones. The zones are calculated in such a way that the probability of the indicator value rising above, or falling below, the dynamic zones is equal to a given probability input set by the trader.
To better understand dynamic zones, let's first describe them mathematically and then explain their use. The dynamic zones definition:
Find V such that:
For dynamic zone buy: P{X <= V}=P1
For dynamic zone sell: P{X >= V}=P2
where P1 and P2 are the probabilities set by the trader, X is the value of the indicator for the selected period and V represents the value of the dynamic zone.
The probability input P1 and P2 can be adjusted by the trader to encompass as much or as little data as the trader would like. The smaller the probability, the fewer data values above and below the dynamic zones. This translates into a wider range between the buy and sell zones. If a 10% probability is used for P1 and P2, only those data values that make up the top 10% and bottom 10% for an indicator are used in the construction of the zones. Of the values, 80% will fall between the two extreme levels. Because dynamic zone levels are penetrated so infrequently, when this happens, traders know that the market has truly moved into overbought or oversold territory.
Calculating the Dynamic Zones
The algorithm for the dynamic zones is a series of steps. First, decide the value of the lookback period t. Next, decide the value of the probability Pbuy for buy zone and value of the probability Psell for the sell zone.
For i=1, to the last lookback period, build the distribution f(x) of the price during the lookback period i. Then find the value Vi1 such that the probability of the price less than or equal to Vi1 during the lookback period i is equal to Pbuy. Find the value Vi2 such that the probability of the price greater or equal to Vi2 during the lookback period i is equal to Psell. The sequence of Vi1 for all periods gives the buy zone. The sequence of Vi2 for all periods gives the sell zone.
In the algorithm description, we have: Build the distribution f(x) of the price during the lookback period i. The distribution here is empirical namely, how many times a given value of x appeared during the lookback period. The problem is to find such x that the probability of a price being greater or equal to x will be equal to a probability selected by the user. Probability is the area under the distribution curve. The task is to find such value of x that the area under the distribution curve to the right of x will be equal to the probability selected by the user. That x is the dynamic zone.
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